Discuss the relation between minimal spanning trees of Kn and minimal s-trees. In particular, find a condition on s which guaranteesthat a given minimal spanning tree of Kn extends to a minimal s-tree. Showthat the strategy for selecting s which we have used in Example 15.2.4 doesnot always lead to a good bound.Balas and Toth calculated the s-tree relaxation as well during their examinationof the assignment […]

As usual, we consider the TSP of Example 15.1.2. Let us choose the tour of weight 266 constructed using Christofides’ algorithm in Example 15.4.8 as our initial tour f; see Figure 15.8. During the first iteration of 2-OPT, the edges BeMu and NuSt are replaced with BeNu and MuSt; this yields the tour Be__ Nu__ Mu__ St__ Ba__ Fr__ Du__ Aa__ Ha__ Be of length

Apply 2-OPT to the tour of Example 15.4.4; see Figure 15.7. To speed up the running time, it might be a good idea to resort to the strategy first improvement and simply select the first tour g which is better than f in k-opt. In the special case of a metric TSP, it also makes sense not to consider all possible edge

Let G be a graph, and let P be a Hamiltonian path of G. Does G contain a Hamiltonian cycle? Even though this problem may seem simpler than HC, it is just as difficult: knowing the Hamiltonian path P does not help to decide if the graph G is Hamiltonian, as the following result due to Papadimitriou and Steiglitz [PaSt77] shows.

It needs to follow my topic which is “Deforestation of tropical rainforests in Liberia”. It needs to follow my thesis statement which is “Deforestation within Liberia poses a threat to the rich biological diversity of tropical rainforests, hinders the advancement of medicinal discoveries, and contributes largely to the greenhouse effect. IT CAN NOT BE PLAGARIZED

These assignment discuss the discrimination against blacks and gay as well as homophobic people and racists today. Discrimination against blacks and gays:Homophobic people and racists State your hypotheses My hypothesis is that attirudes towards blacks as well as attitudes towards lesbians and gays are related in some way because it gives a data on how

Exercise 52 includes a table that shows the conversion from letter grades to grade points at a particular academic institution. In this exercise you will compute the grade point average of an arbitrary number of letter grades entered by the user. The user will enter a blank line to indicate that all of the grades

A particular zoo determines the price of admission based on the age of the guest. Guests 2 years of age and less are admitted without charge. Children between 3 and 12 years of age cost $14.00. Seniors aged 65 years and over cost $18.00. Admission for all other guests is $23.00. Create a program that

A parity bit is a simple mechanism for detecting errors in data transmitted over an unreliable connection such as a telephone line. The basic idea is that an additional bit is transmitted after each group of 8 bits so that a single bit error in the transmission can be detected. Parity bits can be computed

Write a program that computes the parity bit for groups of 8 bits entered by the user using even parity. Your program should read strings containing 8 bits until the user enters a blank line. After each string is entered by the user your program should display a clear message indicating whether the parity bit