1. Account for the changing balance of power between Christian Ethiopia and the Muslim states of the Horn of Africa between 1300 and 1560 CE.
2. Discuss the extent of the indigenous African input to the early development of trade along the east African coast. What impact do you think that Indian Ocean trade had upon the African Iron Age societies of the coastal zone?
How did the Portuguese gain control of the trade of the western Indian Ocean?
3. What significant social and economic changes seem to have taken place which prompt historians to use the term ‘Late Iron Age’ to describe the societies of central and southern Africa after 1000 CE?
Discuss the importance of cattle in the growth of Later Iron Age communities south of the Zambezi.
4. Account for the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in the sixteenth century. Discuss the impact of the Ottoman empire in Egypt and the Maghrib during the sixteenth centuries.
5. Discuss the origins and development of trans-Atlantic trade in slaves.Why did Europeans turn to Africa for their slave labour in the Americas and Caribbean? Discuss the likely short-term and long-term impact of the Atlantic slave trade on the people of western Africa.
6. Account for the fall of the Songhay empire in the sixteenth century.
7. Discuss the origins and organization of the Hausa states. What was the main sources of wealth of their rulers?
8. Describe the rise and character of either Ife and Benin, or Oyo and Dahomey, or Asante before 1800 CE.
9. Why did the Dutch East India Company set up a trading station at the Cape? To what extent were their original aims fulfilled?
10. Account for the successes and failures of Khoisan and Xhosa resistances to the expansion of white settlement in Cape Colony between 1652 and 1803.
1. The Ethiopian dictator, Mengistu in the 1970’s embarked on an Afro-Marxist experiment, with Soviet support. Discuss how this model had several limitations in terms of the people, but was brought down by the revolutionary mobilization, first Eritrea, then by Tigray, Oromo, Afar and Somali.
2. Discuss the establishment of the Marxist regime of Siad Barre in Somalia. Examine the causes of Somali civil wars and the emerging dominance of warlords and the intervention in 1992-1995 by the United States and United Nations in Somalia. What brought about Somali state collapse?
3. Sudan’s dual orientation (African and the Middle East) has been a source of persistent conflict. Discuss how South Sudan and Darfur has been marginalized by the policies of successive governments. Examine the development of South Sudan’s nationalism and the genocide of Darfur.
4. Identify and describe the various forces which contributed to the eventual attainment of Democratic rule-ethnic Federalism-in Ethiopia between the 1990’s and 2010.Do you think that Ethiopia made significant progress towards political integration?
5. Eritrea had fought Africa’s longest war of liberation when it worn its independence in 1991.Examin the development of Eritrean nationalism from their beginning in 1890, when it became an Italian colony.
6. Describe and analyze Haile Selassie’s attempt to modernize Ethiopia. What are the factors responsible for the successes and limitations in his modernization project?
7. Compare and contrast the role of politicized Islam in Somalia and Sudan conflicts. Is Al-Shabab a major threat in the East African region?
8. How do you suppose that most of the countries of the Horn have significant civil or ethnic conflicts? Whereas the Republic of Djibouti remained ’poor but relatively stable.’
9. Discuss the factors that led to the colonization of Ethiopia, whereas African’s came to the aid of European overseas between 1939-1945.
10. On the last few years, Horn of Africa has seen an unprecedented flurry of political developments that are changing dramatically the landscape in the region. Discuss how the new reforms ongoing in Ethiopia and Sudan may be influencing positively towards creating peace and stability in the troubled Horn of Africa.
subject:history
Type of assignment: Essay
Pages: 5/1375
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