Sustainable and responsible tourism development
Table of Contents
TASK 2 4
P3. Exploring purpose along with principles of tourism development planning for minimising adverse effects of tourism-oriented 4
P4. Evaluation of process of tourism development and planning addition to concerned changes and problems 5
M2. Critical evaluation of various approaches to tourism development planning to reach sustainable objectives successfully 6
D2. Critical evaluation of approaches for tourism development and planning for identifying along with justifying rationale to measure and monitor sustainable performances 6
TASK 3 7
P5. Investigating impacts of tourism activity that are generated by particular tourism attractions from different perspectives 7
P6. Examining the ways principles of sustainability executed by specific tourism business or attraction meet expectations of stakeholder 8
M3. Analysing contributions made by different stakeholder to develop sustainable tourism practices for minimising adverse impacts for meeting sustainable objectives 9
TASK 4 9
P7. Evaluation of sustainability 9
M4: Critical evaluation of success of sustainable management 10
D4: Recommendations for improving sustainable management and development for a range of tourism destinations 10
CONCLUSION 10
REFERENCES 12
TASK 2
P3. Exploring purpose along with principles of tourism development planning for minimising adverse effects of tourism-oriented
The term tourism development and planning could be defined to making plans for growth together with maintenance of destinations and overall tourist industry (Shen, Sotiriadis and Zhou, 2020). It helps in drafting strategies, programs, and plans for developing level of tourism for an attraction. In case with The United Kingdom, The International Tourism Consultancy Associates is responsible for planning and development of the destination. The purpose behind development and planning of tourism is to enable diverse number of advantages to all involved parties or stakeholders. At same time, for The United Kingdom, tourism development planning serves purpose of assisting in preserving natural, social, and cultural heritage for vacationers so to reduce adverse influences of tourism on the destination.
As per Cohen Hunter, there are certain principles of tourism development and planning that are key to be followed for minimising negative effects of tourism (Musavengane, 2019). Some of principles that are adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates of tourism planning and development are explored underneath:
Principle of supporting local communities: The principle states that tourism companies are required to support local communities while planning and developing tourism of destination. For the United Kingdom, the principle is adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates to support local communities and their needs without any compromises.
Principle of training employees: Principle of training staff states that staff training that integrates sustainable tourism towards practices of work must be used at all levels. In the International Tourism Consultancy Associates, the principle is adhered for providing adequate training sessions to employees that improves quality associated to tourism commodities.
Principle of Involving investors: As per the principle, all active investors must be involved in tourism planning and development so to make optimum returns in invested values (Edgell Sr, 2019). In case of The United Kingdom, managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates involve or takes guidance’s from all involved investors and maximise their returns that leads to generating huge interest for developing the destination.
P4. Evaluation of process of tourism development and planning addition to concerned changes and problems
The concept of tourism development planning involves various stages to explore along with advance practical understanding among tourism and related areas (Han, Yu and Kim, 2019). In this, workings performed by team of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates on stages to develop and plan tourism are below:
Acquiring Understanding: It is first step of tourism planning and development wherein managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates study about market to acquire understandings for new changes in the destination. In this, challenge faced by the team is changes in perception of travellers for the location.
Devising objectives: Once understanding about new changes are acquired then the next is to set objectives (Ruhanen, Moyle and Moyle, 2019). The objectives for tourism development planning for The United Kingdom is to improve destination by modifying infrastructure that garbs attention of wider travellers.
Studying market: The next is to study market through conducting surveys to collect data. In relevance to The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, marketers’ study about target consumer segment or market by using quantitative and qualitative research methods. In this stage, challenges and problems that are faced by the team are inappropriate selection of variables and limited time to carry out research.
Conducting new surveys: In this stage, new surveys are carried out by the team so to gauge representativeness of views along with experiences of individuals. Professionals of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates divides the team and conduct new surveys to collect data for making sensible decisions as per analysed outcomes. In this stage, team faces issues related to inappropriate response from respondents and inconsistencies in rating level.
Policy and plan formulation: On the basis of results, plans along with policies are framed to develop tourism by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates. A conceptual plan is devised that provides a concept about what will be done and at what point.
Implementation of plan for development: The stage involves putting all the plans into real actions for development. In context to tourism of The United Kingdom, managers of travel establishment allot activities to each person that leads to developing tourism of the attraction. In this stage, various challenges and issues are faced that includes less involvement of employees, changes in situations and inappropriate directions by leaders.
Monitoring and reformulation: It is last phase of tourism development planning in which all stages and their results are properly monitored as well as plan is reformed in case some changes are required (Kuščer and Mihalič, 2019). The issue faced in this stage by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates includes limited resources, inefficient monitoring, lack of experience and ineffective evaluation practices.
M2. Critical evaluation of various approaches to tourism development planning to reach sustainable objectives successfully
As per Lee and Jan (2019), it has been critically evaluated that managerial and boosterism approaches of tourism development planning are used by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates for achieving sustainable objectives in success criteria. In context to boosterism approach, its benefits the company in promoting the destination such as The United Kingdom, Vietnam, and Australia to attain objectives. However, implementation of the approach requires huge knowledge and skills. At same time, managerial approach helps in concentrating base activities and functions including planning, organising, directing, and controlling tourism of destinations that inspires employees to work with defined criteria that leads to enhancing brand image. However, the approach creates biased behaviour which restricts performances at some extent.
D2. Critical evaluation of approaches for tourism development and planning for identifying along with justifying rationale to measure and monitor sustainable performances
In accordance with statements of Hermawati (2020), it is critically evaluated that approaches of tourism development planning assist in attaining sustainability objectives promptly. The approaches are managerial and boosterism that helps The International Tourism Consultancy Associates to measure and monitor sustainable performances of the destination that includes The United Kingdom, Australia and so on. Among both, boosterism approach is effective for The United Kingdom as it direct in analysing situation and setting goals with purely marketing context which closely parallels the desires of travel business interests. It is an important tourism development approach which have behaviour for developing tourism of The United Kingdom that is inherently best and provides advantages in measuring together with monitoring performances in sustainable manner.
TASK 3
P5. Investigating impacts of tourism activity that are generated by particular tourism attractions from different perspectives
Tourism activity is the practice undertaken by a person while moving from their normal location of residence to other location for business or leisure aspects (Siakwah, Musavengane and Leonard, 2020). Some of tourism activities are trekking in primary forest, Wildlife night spotting, bird watching, tour to biodiversity hotspots, kayaking, traditional music performance, cycling and community-based staying are generated by tourism of The United Kingdom. Within the United Kingdom, various tourism activities impact attractiveness of the destination. In this aspect, The International Tourism Consultancy Associates have investigated different views that are underneath:
Economic perspective: Tourism have become an essential economic sector that contributes widely on improving economic position of a destination of nation. According to economic perspective, tourism activities that are generated by attractiveness of destination that is The United Kingdom impacts positively as it enhances employment opportunities, increases tax revenues, contribute in standard of living and created wider opportunities for small businesses.
Social perspective: Tourism activities devised by specific destination leads to various social changes within host communities that comprises changes in living standards of social lives (Xu, Nash and Whitmarsh, 2020). The social perspective says that tourism practices devised from The United Kingdom impacts positively on changing perspective of society, traditional ceremonies and moral, conduct within the industry.
Cultural perspective: Tourism activities that are devised from destinations impacts drastically (Schiffling, Phelan and Loday, 2020). In aspect to cultural perspectives, travel activities generated from The United Kingdom impacts on patterns of behaviours, quality of living on local population, style of livings and so on. Most activities impact positively on enhancing cross cultural interactions, keeping local cultures, traditions and fostering cultural values.
Environmental perspective: In an environment, tourism activity gradually destroy resources on which attractiveness of the destination depends. In case with The United Kingdom, it is analysed by managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates that travel activities produced by the destination impacts drastically as these puts huge stress on usage of land which causes soil erosion, force on endangered species addition to increases level of pollution or garbage.
P6. Examining the ways principles of sustainability executed by specific tourism business or attraction meet expectations of stakeholder
Sustainability refers to an ability for existing constantly. In other words, it is about capacity of biosphere as well as human civilisation to co-exist (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020). There are wide number of principles of sustainability that are adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates in The United Kingdom for meeting needs together with expectations of stakeholders. Some are as examined:
Principle of supporting local communities: According to the principle, local communities are the stakeholder that have needs for getting acquainted with local habits, behaviour, and relations. By adhering the principle, managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates meet predictions of local community through respecting their ideas, promoting small business, and engaging them in development of the destination.
Principle of training employees: Employee is the stakeholder who works for company in exchange of wages or salary. In relevance to The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, expectations of employees are met by providing them required training session, respectful attitude, recognition, timely compensation, and paid leaves.
Principle of Involving investors: Investors are the companies or people who puts money into business with expectation of higher profits (McLoughlin and Hanrahan, 2019). Along with this, investors have expectation of long-term gains and generating securities again and again. In association to The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, expectations of investors that puts money into destination like The United Kingdom, Vietnam and so on are met by giving them higher returns on their investment as soon as possible.
M3. Analysing contributions made by different stakeholder to develop sustainable tourism practices for minimising adverse impacts for meeting sustainable objectives
Stakeholders are organisation, communities and people that widely contribute to developing sustainable tourism activities for minimising adverse impacts to meet objectives. In the International Tourism Consultancy Associates, associated stakeholders are employees, investors and local community that contribute their efforts in form of actions and money that results in achieving identified objectives of sustainability (Mir and Singh, 2020). At same time, all the stakeholders involve in decision making for destinations including The United Kingdom, Vietnam and many more that preserves resources sustainable to gain concerned objectives.
TASK 4
P7. Evaluation of sustainability
Tourism Sustainability refers to taking into account the various types of factors prevailing in the macro environment so that the development of tourism can take place without creating a harm to the environment and the society (Spenceley, 2019). Thus, in this way tourism can be developed in a responsible manner. The International Tourism Consultancy Associates can help in tourism sustainability in a range of destinations worldwide in the following manner-
- The United Kingdom. – U.K. Is a developed country and is the host to millions of tourists worldwide every year. The Government of U.K. Has set different laws regarding Tourism Sustainability. International Tourism Consultancy Associates can make sure that the care for maintaining sustainability in tourism in U.K. Is taken by Going Green. It encourages the customers and clients to make more use of the Green Products which therefore contributes towards development of a Greener Planet and Environment-Friendly Tourism.
- Australia– Australia is also a developed country and different tourists from various countries in large numbers worldwide visit it every year. International Tourism Consultancy Associates is ensuring that it is able to support the local economy by encouraging the customers and clients to avail the products and services provided by the different businesses in the country when they make a visit to the country. In this way it is providing a much-required boost to their business (Sharpley, 2020).
- Vietnam– Vietnam is a developing country which is also visited by different tourists every year. International Tourism Consultancy Associates is ensuring that it markets the tourism of the country responsibly by providing full information about the country to its customers and clients so that they are able to contribute towards the effective development of tourism in the country thereby helping it to generate revenues and raise its level of income.
M4: Critical evaluation of success of sustainable management
The sustainable management which has been applied by International Tourism Consultancy Associates in different destinations worldwide is quite successful in ensuring that the tourism of these countries witnesses a major boost in the future. Also, in this way the company is making sure that the tourism of these countries is sustainable in nature and thus is able to contribute towards the environment and the society as a whole (Fennell and Bowyer, 2020). Thus, it can be said that the strategy for sustainable management which has been applied by the company has been very successful in giving a boost to tourism.
D4: Recommendations for improving sustainable management and development for a range of tourism destinations
In U.K. The Going Green strategy of International Tourism Consultancy Associates has been very successful. However, it is recommended that the company encourages its customers to adopt more green products when they visit internationally to different countries. Similarly, In Australia the company can aim for ensuring that it supports more local businesses in developing their business (Panzer-Krause, 2019). Also, In Vietnam the marketing of the tourism will be done more effectively so that it can contribute towards the enhancement of the revenues of the country.
CONCLUSION
From the information, it is concluded that tourism in a major international exchange addition to employment generation in multiple destinations. Sustainable tourism is seen as form of tourism that widely meets essential of all tourists, host communities and hence forth without compromising ability for coming generations for the purpose of meeting their own demands. Responsible tourism is kind of tourism that makes optimal resource utilisation, respects socio-cultural authenticity, ensures viability and contributes in alleviation of poverty. There are various global organisation that performs operations and functions in tourism industry. Hunter’s principle of sustainability aids in minimising adverse results of tourism. Tourism development planning helps in devising overall plans or strategies of destinations along with meeting objectives. Stakeholders such as investors, community, employees and so on plays significant role in developing attractiveness of tourism industry.
REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Edgell Sr, D. L., 2019. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.
Fennell, D.A. and Bowyer, E., 2020. Tourism and sustainable transformation: a discussion and application to tourism food consumption. Tourism Recreation Research. 45(1). pp.119-131.
Hall, C. M., 2019. Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 27(7). pp.1044-1060.
Han, H., Yu, J., Koo, B. and Kim, W., 2019. Vacationers’ norm-based behaviour in developing environmentally sustainable cruise tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 20(1). pp.89-106.
Hermawati, A., 2020. Transglobal leadership approach to sustainable tourism competitiveness at tourism sector engaged MSMEs through integrated human resource performance and responsible marketing. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., 2020. Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, pp.1-14.
Kapera, I., 2018. Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in Poland. Sustainable cities and society. 40. pp.581-588.
Kuščer, K. and Mihalič, T., 2019. Residents’ attitudes towards over tourism from the perspective of tourism impacts and cooperation—The case of Ljubljana. Sustainability. 11(6). p.1823.
Lasso, A. and Dahles, H., 2018. Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 23(5). pp.473-485.
Lee, T.H. and Jan, F.H., 2019. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism Management. 70. pp.368-380.
MacKenzie, N. and Gannon, M. J., 2019. Exploring the antecedents of sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
McLoughlin, E. and Hanrahan, J., 2019. Local authority sustainable planning for tourism: lessons from Ireland. Tourism Review.
Mir, M. and Singh, R., 2020. Empirical Examination of the Impact of Environmental Responsible Tourism Practices on the Destination Sustainability. e-Review of Tourism Research. 17(6). pp.837-864.
Musavengane, R., 2019. Small hotels and responsible tourism practice: Hoteliers’ perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 220. pp.786-799.
Panzer-Krause, S., 2019. Networking towards sustainable tourism: Innovations between green growth and degrowth strategies. Regional Studies. 53(7). pp.927-938.
Poudel, S., Nyaupane, G. P. and Budruk, M., 2016. Stakeholders’ perspectives of sustainable tourism development: A new approach to measuring outcomes. Journal of Travel Research. 55(4). pp.465-480.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M. and Jaafar, M., 2017. Sustainable tourism development and residents’ perceptions in World Heritage Site destinations. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 22(1). pp.34-48.
Ruhanen, L., Moyle, C. L. and Moyle, B., 2019. New directions in sustainable tourism research. Tourism Review.
Schiffling, S., Phelan, C. and Loday, K.P., 2020. Responsible Rural Tourism in Bhutan: Aligning Gross National Happiness with the Cape Town Principles. Responsible Rural Tourism in Asia, p.27.
Sharpley, R., 2020. Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 28(11). pp.1932-1946.
Shen, S., Sotiriadis, M. and Zhou, Q., 2020. Could Smart Tourists Be Sustainable and Responsible as Well? The Contribution of Social Networking Sites to Improving Their Sustainable and Responsible Behaviour. Sustainability. 12(4). p.1470.
Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R. and Leonard, L., 2020. Tourism governance and attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development. 17(4). pp.355-383.
Spenceley, A., 2019. Sustainable tourism certification in the African hotel sector. Tourism Review.
Xu, F., Nash, N. and Whitmarsh, L., 2020. Big data or small data? A methodological review of sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 28(2). pp.144-163.