DISCUSSION:Our course concludes in the 1990s, so I’d like our final discussion board to highlight musical innovators from the current millennium. Please write about an artist/group you think has been truly innovative in the past 15 years or so. Just because an artist/group is popular doesn’t necessarily mean they have been innovative. Think about more recent genres and who created that musical style or technique. An easy example could be the newer genre called Dub Step and the artist Skrillex. It was a new sound and technique that developed peripherally (regional, small marketplace) by a particular artist/group, it crossed over to the center or mainstream marketplace, and was then copied by many other artists. Every musician imitates and borrows from earlier artists, true innovators move the sound forward and create new styles and genres that are typically imitated by those that follow. Our entire course has focused on innovators, can you think of some from the past couple decades?Who/what were their musical influences? How did they innovate musically? Have any other artists/groups copied their new style or techniques?WORKSHEET:1.Summarize and comment on the wide range of musical styles that all enjoyed success in the 1990s as part of the popular mainstream.2.What were the contributions of Grandmaster Flash, Kool Herc, and Afrika Bambaata to early hip hop culture and rap music?3.What was unusual about Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five’s hit “The Message”?4.How did the LPs Raising Hell and Licenced to Ill expand the audience for rap? Who were the groups who recorded these albums?5.How did Public enemy change the sound and content of rap?6.Describe the artists and recordings that established gangsta rap in the 1990s.7.What are the musical roots and who are the pioneers of techno music?8.Describe the alternative or “indie” rock scenes that developed across the U.S.A. in the 1980s after the collapse of punk rock. What did these various scenes have in common?9.Contrast the musical styles of R.E.M. and Sonic Youth. How did their careers differ?10.Who were the most important early hardcore bands, and what did they have in common?11.Describe the sound and style that was associated with Nirvana.12.Ani DiFranco, Lauryn Hill, and k.d. lang are all female artists that are associated with “alternative” music. What do they have in common? How are they each different?

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