Running Head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS 1
Policy Brief
Student’s Name Gurjot Kaur
Western Sydney University
Date 27 September 2020
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 2
Table of Contents
Revised Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
The health status of Australian Indigenous people ……………………………………………………………………….. 3
Social Determinants and their influence on the health outcomes ……………………………………………………. 4
How these social determinants interact with each other ………………………………………………………………… 4
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Revised Academic Integrity and Honesty……………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Policy Brief ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Policy options and implications ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Recommendations for action…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Address the issues identified …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 3
Revised Literature Review
Introduction
The literature review discusses the health status of Australian indigenous people. What are the
social determinants and influence of those the determinants on the health outcome of Australian
indigenous people? The literature review also discusses how these social determinants interact
with each other to impact the health outcomes of Australian indigenous people. It is a major
challenge in Australia that the health status of indigenous people is continuously diminishing. A
high gap between the indigenous and non-indigenous group is coming out with negative health
comes. The health policy has been guided and this review of a national strategic framework for
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders health.
The health status of Australian Indigenous people
As per the literature review, there is a huge gap between indigenous and a non-indigenous group
of Australia. These gaps can be identified with factors like racism and stole generations. The
health of the Australian indigenous group has been facing an inequality gap and the death rate of
the Indigenous group is twice as much of the non-indigenous group (Rheault et al, 2019). This is
because the indigenous group has never been achieving equal opportunity in terms of health
benefits. According to Rheault viewpoint, the current health status of Australian indigenous
people has been continuously diminishing. It is vigorous compared to others. Inequality and the
high gap between indigenous and not indigenous group are bringing out a specific death rate
which is higher in indigenous people. It has been 17 years since these people are facing this
sense of discrimination (Rheault et al, 2019). Health facilities are not available for indigenous
groups and people. The people from indigenous group do not get an equal opportunity in any
scene whether it comes to health treatment for healthcare policies are systems. Aboriginal people
or indigenous group have a lot of health issues because of their traditions in upbringing. The gap
has only made lot of health issues because of their traditions in upbringing. The gap has only
made things worse for these group.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 4
Social Determinants and their influence on the health outcomes
Social determinants like stole generations and racism significantly impact the health outcomes of
the Australian indigenous group. These are stress factors where the gap between these groups of
indigenous people and non-indigenous people has been a rise. The level of racism has been
increased and it has been identified with the research that 22% of indigenous children
experienced racism frequently. Stolen generation also influences health of these people
(Paradies, 2016). According to a survey, 38% of children are removed forcefully from their
families (Anggraini, 2019). Stole generations and their result on children come out with
emotional disorders, hyperactivity, and physical issues. Racism and stolen generation were those
social determinants that are significantly impacting on the health outcome of Australian
indigenous people. The foremost thing is racism. These people are facing a lot of racism from
non-indigenous groups. It acts as a stress booster for them and for raising mental health issues
among indigenous people. It has also been stated that there is no decline in racism so far in
Australia. High BP is one of the common problems with the health of indigenous people. The
reason behind this racism. The level of racism has also increased the consumption of drugs
among these groups affecting these people’s health negatively. Stolen generations on the other
hand are also apparently infecting a lot of lives of indigenous people. Removal of children from
their life has been a wide range where their mental health is not stable. Children themselves face
emotional disorders and hyperactivity along with the parents facing the scene health and mental
issue.
How these social determinants interact with each other
These factors impact the physical and mental order of indigenous people. Policies in terms of
these factors are relatively less. Medical implications for indigenous people are also less. The
accessibility of medicines and health is not very much available for the non-indigenous group but
the non-indigenous group. A high risk of smoking behavior has been identified in the Australian
indigenous group (De Bono, 2017). The social determinants are the cause of the shame of
increasing health problems in the indigenous people of Australia. Children are targeted and so
are the youngsters. The age ratio of these children and youngsters of the indigenous groups feel
shame and hesitation about so many things that they start using smoke as a way out and increase
alcohol consumption. There is a strong relationship between social determinants under the
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 5
impact on health outcomes. Australians are increasing the rate of the indigenous population and
so is the rate of racism and stole generation is increasing. Determinants of racism and stole
generations are not that effective when it comes to population generation. There is a strong
relationship between two of the social dominance. Medicines and healthcare are already very
unfair to these indigenous group (Kwansah-Aidoo & Mapedzahama, 2018). Also, with these two
social determinants, they have been considered as a victim of physical and psychological
problems. They are facing lifelong trauma. The reason behind this is that youngsters feel shame
being a part of an indigenous group. They feel hesitant while introducing their heritage to others.
The level of use of drugs is also increased between these people and there is a need of having a
great health outcome in health policy for the indigenous group.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that racism and stole generation despite being the two most effective social
determinants has brought out the worst thing that comes in the genius people in the state. The
non-recognition and knowledge of meat of human rights bye have been affecting the mental and
physical health. Policies must be there for them specifically. Fundamentally connection between
this is my stole generation must be presenting positive health outcomes. Improving health
outcomes must be clear agenda of the government. The condition is needed to be proved to
promote their well-being.
Revised Academic Integrity and Honesty
This section discusses that this literature review and its re-application in this assessment has been
done with complete integrity. Academic integrity and honesty have been followed even in the
revised literature review. The issue of duplication of data is avoided and the original content is
created with the same literature review.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 6
Policy Brief
Policy options and implications
Improving the Culture of Hospitals for Indigenous People – As per this policy the cooperative
research Centre for policy and health suggested that there must be quality improvements in the
life of Australian indigenous group. This approach is specifically designed to address the
problem of racism in Australia and Australian hospitals (Paradies, 2018). This addresses the
culture of Australian hospitals by suggesting that comprehensive understanding should be
developed for indigenous people and equality should be followed. Improvement tools and
improved service provisions are to be provided as per the policy for indigenous patients and this
will also contribute to improvement in the health of the indigenous group.
Policy Brief on SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POST-2015
DEVELOPMENT AGENDA – According to the policy of sustainable development goals and
post-2015 development agenda the aspiration of “no one left behind” has been promoted. This
policy is specifically concerned concerning indigenous people in Australia. Efforts and processes
are determined and developed to achieve the objective of this policy for indigenous people. This
policy works on removing injustice of racism, inequality, and discrimination suffered by
indigenous people around the world. The policy also recognizes the specific situations related to
the Indigenous group that is poverty and unfavorable outcomes and how does it impact the health
of peace (Bourke et al, 2018). The recommendations provided in the policy ensures covering the
gap between all these aspects related to indigenous people.
Recommendations for action
It is very easy to develop these policies after having a sustainable and full resort. At the same
time is the difficulty comes in the application and the follow-up continuously (Denny-Smith,
Williams & Loosemore, 2020). Their recommendations for the actions based on the policy
would be that these policies must clarify on the negative aspects of the situation. For an example,
the policy must mention that what will be the outcome or the consequences of non-follow-up on
these policies to remove the racism and stolen generation problem from the life of indigenous
group so that their health outcome is not as negative as currently as it is today.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 7
Address the issues identified
The issue is addressed in these policies or racism, stall generations, inequality, other differences.
These policies insist on the fact of creation of better health outcomes in the group. This is not
just about Australia but it is a global issue that indigenous groups in the world are facing a lot of
issues (Thurber et al, 2020). Both policies insist on the fact that health improvements and health
services improvements must be there regarding indigenous groups. The problem of racism
should be avoided in the Australian hospitals and any kind of differentiation inequality or
discrimination if recorded will have consequences to be faced.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS 8
References
Anggraini, I. D. (2019, October). The Wisdom of the Environment to the Female AustralianAborigine Stolen Generation Represented in the Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence. In The 7th
LITERARY STUDIES CONFERENCE (p. 125).
Bourke, S., Wright, A., Guthrie, J., Russell, L., Dunbar, T., & Lovett, R. (2018). Evidence
Review of Indigenous Culture for Health and Wellbeing. International Journal of Health,
Wellness & Society, 8(4), 54-98.
De Bono, A. (2017). Seeing Aboriginal history in black and white: the contested history of the
Stolen Generation. NEW: Emerging scholars in Australian Indigenous Studies, 1-8.
Denny-Smith, G., Williams, M., & Loosemore, M. (2020). Assessing the impact of social
procurement policies for Indigenous people. Construction Management and Economics, 1-19.
Kwansah-Aidoo, K., & Mapedzahama, V. (2018). Towards Afrocentric counter-narratives of
race and racism in Australia. Australasian Review of African Studies, The, 39(2), 6.
Paradies, Y. (2016). Colonisation, racism and indigenous health. Journal of Population
Research, 33(1), 83-96.
Paradies, Y. (2018). Racism and indigenous health. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global
Public Health, 15-76.
Rheault, H., Coyer, F., Jones, L., & Bonner, A. (2019). Health literacy in Indigenous people with
chronic disease living in remote Australia. BMC health services research, 19(1), 523.
Thurber, K. A., Thandrayen, J., Banks, E., Doery, K., Sedgwick, M., & Lovett, R. (2020).
Strengths-based approaches for quantitative data analysis: A case study using the australian
Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children. SSM-Population Health, 12, 100-637.