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Draw the Haworth or Chair Haworth structures of the following disaccharides:
(a) α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-β, D-galactopyranose
(b) β,D-galactopyranosyl-(1,4)-α-D-glucopyranose
(c) β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-α,D-galactopyranose.
Identify all anomeric carbons and hemiacetal, acetal, hemiketal, and ketal linkages.