Hybrid and fully electric vehicles are the current trends in the automotive industry. To reduce CO: emissions, a 48 V DC system has been proposed by the European automotive industry. This allows the same electrical power being delivered at a reduced current that minimises resistive losses.

The shift to 48 V also allows greater power delivery. To avoid substantial change to the automotive electrical system, the first step is to implement 48 V alongside the 12 V we have used for decades. The strategy is to move all power-hungry components to the 48 V side depicted in Fig. 1. Four identical boost converters shown in Fig. 2 are connected in parallel to share the rated power of 2 kW.

This coursework aims to design a 500-W DC-DC boost converter (Fig. 2) for the abovementioned application. The design should fulfil the following specifications:

Input voltage: 12 V
Output voltage: 48 V
Output power: 100 W to 500 W
Mode of operation: continuous conduction mode (CCM)
Operating frequency: 100 kHz
Inductor current ripple: less than 1% of average inductor current at rated power
Capacitor voltage ripple: less than 1% of average capacitor voltage at rated power

You are required to complete the following tasks in a group of three (free to choose your group members):

(a) Perform theoretical design and calculation for the boost converter (Fig. 2). Specify any assumptions considered in your calculation.

(b) Validate your design by simulation considering ideal components. Simulation can be conducted with Matlab Simulink, PSIM, PLECS or other relevant circuit simulation software.

(c) Choose a suitable power switch (S} and S2 in Fig. 2) for your design. Some useful component distributors for finding power switches are:
RS Components: https: ”sg.rs-online.com/web‘
Element] 4: https:‘’sg.element]4.com’
Mouser Electronics: https://www.emouser.sg!

(d) Calculate the power losses for switches $1 and S2 under rated power (500 W), based on the datasheet information. Specify any assumptions considered in your calculation.

(e) Model the power switches $1 and S2 according to the datasheet information for simulating the boost converter considering practical power switches (non-ideal power switches). Validate the power losses calculated in (d) and analyse the efficiency of the boost converter. Perform comprehensive simulation study to validate your design in accordance with the specified requirements/specifications.

(f) Write a report to thoroughly discuss your design, result, and analysis.

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