Answer ALL questions

In Census of Population 2020 (appended below), it was found that 9.3% of older men and 12.9% of older women residents are “unable to perform/ with a lot of difficulty in At Least One Basic Activity”. Among them, almost one-third live alone, or with a spouse, or with others who are not their children.

Question 1

In the Census, for the first time, the respondents were screened for 6 areas of disability: Mobility, Self-care, Remembering, Hearing, Seeing, and Communicating. Examine and discuss:

(a) how physiological changes associated with aging increases the risk of disabilities

(b) common injuries, diseases, and conditions related to the physiological changes identified in (a) and

(c) how do these physiological changes lead to disability? You may use the relevant organ systems in the following diagram to aid in your discussion.

Question 2

Discuss how the senior population in Singapore can be stratified into ‘risk groups using the Clinical Frailty Scale.

Question 3

Using the Clinical Frailty Scale as a reference, compare and analyze the likely health and psychosocial care needs of seniors who are:

• Fit to Mildly Frail (CFS 1-5);

• Moderately Frail (CFS 6) and

• Severely Frail (CFS 7-9).

Question 4

Discuss and develop a plan on how a multidisciplinary team can collaborate and use regular exercises to promote health and prevent diseases across the life course, from the well to the frail seniors