How humans have expanded the carrying capacity of their habitat

Chapter 45worksheet

Section 45.1

1. Define the following terms:

• Population:

 

 

• Demography:

 

 

• Life table:

 

 

• Population density:

 

 

2. How would you calculate the population size of a species of plant? How would you calculate the population size of a species of mice?

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Practice: A biologist originally marked 40 butterflies in a park. Over a period of 30 days, butterfly traps caught 200 butterflies. Of the 200 captured, 8 were found to have tags. Based on this information, what is the estimated population size of the butterflies in the Park?

 

 

 

4. What are the three types of species dispersion pattern? Give an example of each.

 

 

 

 

 

5. How do we calculate mortality rate?
6. Survivorship can be calculated using the following formula: proportion of individual cohort that survive to age “x” or(x ÷ by original cohort). The resulting data can be used to create a survivorship curve. Differentiate between the three major types (I, II, III).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. Review Table 45.1: Life Table of Dall Mountain Sheep. Graph the 1^st column (age) and the third column (Number surviving…etc.). What type of survivorship curve is it?

 

 

 

 

Section 45.2

8. What is a species life history? What influences it?

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. Describe the energy trade-off in organisms with high fecundity vs. low fecundity.

 

 

10. Describe the energy trade-off in organisms with early vs. late reproduction.

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. Describe the general strategies of a semelparous species in terms of fecundity, timing of reproduction, and parental care.

 

 

 

 

 

 

12. Describe the general strategies of an iteroparous species in terms of fecundity, timing of reproduction, and parental care.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 45.3

13. What is exponential growth? Give an example. How would you identify this type of growth on a graph?

 

 

 

 

 

14. What is logistic growth? Give an example. How would you identify this type of growth on a graph?

 

 

 

 

 

 

15. What is carrying capacity?

 

 

 

Section 45.4

16. Compare density-dependent growth regulation and density-independent growth regulation, giving examples of each.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17. What factors influence density-dependent growth? What factors influence density-independent growth?

 

 

 

 

 

18. Differentiate between a K-selected and an r-selected species based on reproductive strategies, habitat, behavior, and the way they obtain resources and care for their young.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 45.5

19. Explain how humans have expanded the carrying capacity of their habitat. Is the overall effect to the environment positive or negative?

 

 

 

 

 

20. Draw and label the four age structure diagrams shown in Figure 45.16. What type of population change do you think stage 4 represents?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21. What are the long-term consequences of exponential human population growth? What are possible solutions?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 45.6

22. Provide an example of the following defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory.

Mechanical defense
Chemical defense
Camouflage (crypsis)
Aposematic coloration
Batesian mimicry
Müellerian mimicry
Homotypy (not in text)

 

 

23. Fill in the following chart on interspecific relationships

Interspecific relationship	Describe each interaction.  State whether each species is harmed, benefits, or is unaffected by the relationship.	Example(s)
Predation
Herbivory
Competition
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

24. Differentiate between a foundation species and a keystone species. Give an example of each.

 

 

 

 

 

 

25. What is an invasive species? Give an example.

 

 

 

 

26. What is a pioneer species, and under what circumstances are these species important?

 

 

 

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