1. Figure 19.7 shows the log corresponding to a particular schedule at the point of a system crash for four transactions T I , Tz, T3, and T4. Suppose that we use the immediate update protocol with checkpointing. Describe the recovery process from the system crash. Specify which transactions are rolled back, which operations in the log are redone and which (if any) are undone, and whether any cascading rollback takes place.
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