INT103 T1 2024 Assessment 2 Reflective Essay:
INT103 T1 2024 Assessment 2 Reflective Essay
INT103 T1 2024 Assessment 2 (1800 words) Reflective Essay
Which of Erikson’s eight major stages is especially meaningful in terms of lifespan development, explain your answer? (400 words)
Using a fond childhood memory, compare and contrast Erikson and Freud’s theories of development. (1400 words)
In your answer consider the following;
-Which stage of development in Erikson’s theory does your memory fit into?
-Which stage of Freud’s developmental theory does your memory fit into?
-According to Erikson and Freud how impactful has this event has been to your development?
-Assess Erikson and Freud’s theories in terms of the explanation given to childhood events and the impact this has on lifespan development, refer to your fond childhood experience in your answer.
Please ensure to use at least FIVE recent ( less than 5 years old) research articles. Follow APA 7th standard of referencing.
INT103 T1 2024 Task 2 Reflective Essay
. Erikson’s Eight Major Stages:
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development posits that individuals go through eight stages of development, each characterized by a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy development to occur. Among these stages, one that holds particular significance in terms of lifespan development is the stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion, which occurs during adolescence (ages roughly 12-18 years).
During this stage, adolescents grapple with questions of identity and self-concept, exploring various roles and identities while seeking to establish a sense of autonomy and independence. Successfully navigating this stage leads to a clear and coherent sense of self, while failure to do so can result in confusion and a lack of direction in life.
The significance of this stage lies in its profound impact on subsequent stages of development and overall psychosocial well-being. A strong sense of identity formed during adolescence serves as a foundation for healthy relationships, career choices, and overall life satisfaction in adulthood.
2. Comparing and Contrasting Erikson and Freud’s Theories of Development:
Freud’s psychosexual theory of development, in contrast to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences in shaping personality. One of Freud’s key stages, the phallic stage (ages roughly 3-6 years), is characterized by the Oedipus or Electra complex, where children develop unconscious desires for the opposite-sex parent and experience rivalry with the same-sex parent.
Reflecting on a fond childhood memory, let’s say building sandcastles at the beach with family, we can analyze it through both Erikson and Freud’s perspectives.
According to Erikson, this memory likely fits into the stage of Initiative vs. Guilt (ages roughly 3-6 years), where children begin to explore their environment and take on new activities. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose and initiative, while failure can result in feelings of guilt and inadequacy.
From a Freudian perspective, this memory could be seen as a manifestation of the latency stage (ages roughly 6-12 years), where sexual impulses are dormant, and children focus on developing social and cognitive skills. However, Freud might argue that the act of building sandcastles could also represent a form of sublimation, where unconscious sexual energy is redirected into socially acceptable activities.
3. Impact of the Event on Development:
Erikson would likely view this childhood memory as an opportunity for the child to explore their environment, develop initiative, and gain a sense of competence and mastery. Success in this activity could contribute positively to the child’s self-esteem and overall development.
Freud, on the other hand, might interpret the act of building sandcastles as a form of play that allows the child to express unconscious desires and conflicts in a socially acceptable way. For example, constructing phallic-shaped sand structures could reflect latent sexual impulses associated with the phallic stage.
4. Assessment of Erikson and Freud’s Theories:
In terms of explaining childhood events and their impact on lifespan development, both Erikson and Freud offer valuable insights. Erikson’s focus on psychosocial stages emphasizes the importance of social relationships and cultural context in shaping development, while Freud’s emphasis on unconscious drives highlights the role of early experiences in shaping personality.
However, it’s essential to recognize that both theories have their limitations. Erikson’s stages have been criticized for their lack of empirical support and cultural bias, while Freud’s emphasis on sexuality and unconscious conflicts has been deemed overly deterministic and reductionistic.
In conclusion, while Erikson and Freud’s theories provide valuable frameworks for understanding development, contemporary researchers advocate for a more holistic and context-sensitive approach that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in explaining human development.
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